WASHINGTON — Got an itch to scratch? Scientists have pinpointed a key group of cells that sends itch-alerts to the brain.
When researchers at Washington University in St. Louis knocked out those cells in mice, it alleviated their itchiness without affecting their ability to sense pain — work that opens a possible new target for creating better itch relievers.
Don’t underestimate that need. The kind of itch caused by bug bites or allergies typically goes away with a little scratching or some antihistamines. But some people can scratch themselves raw without relieving serious, daily itching triggered by a variety of conditions, such as certain cancers, chronic kidney failure, and even use of certain narcotic pain relievers.
Indeed, pain and itch have been difficult to separate. Previous research has found various nerve pathways that seem involved in both.
But the report in the journal Science is the first to identify itch-specific cells in the spinal cord, that highway that delivers sensation to the brain. “It’s exciting,” said well-known itch specialist Dr. Gil Yosipovitch of North Carolina’s Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, who wasn’t involved in the new research. “This comprehensive study opens the field.”
Lead researcher Zhou-Feng Chen, a Washington University associate professor of anesthesiology, in 2007 discovered the first gene related to itchiness, named GRPR.