ORLANDO, Fla. — A novel device to treat a common heart problem that can lead to stroke showed promise in testing, but not without risk, new research shows.
The experimental device, called the Watchman, is the first to try to permanently fix atrial fibrillation, a heartbeat problem afflicting more than two million Americans. A U.S. Food and Drug Administration panel will consider it next month.
In the study, the Watchman was at least as good at preventing strokes as warfarin, sold as Coumadin and other brands.
The drugs pose hazards of their own, so doctors and their patients are anxious for a better option.
But the procedure to implant the Watchman led to strokes in some patients, study results showed.
Complications and side effects were twice as common with the device as with warfarin.
Despite those drawbacks, doctors who saw the results at the American College of Cardiology Conference were impressed.
“Wow. At first blush, this is very encouraging,” and could help as many as two-thirds of those who have the heartbeat problem, said Dr. Richard Page, cardiology chief at the University of Washington in Seattle and an American Heart Association spokesman.
Atrial fibrillation occurs when the upper chambers of the heart quiver instead of beating properly.
That lets blood pool in a pouch-like appendage. Clots can form and travel to the brain, causing a stroke.
The usual treatment is the anti-clotting drug warfarin, but getting the right dose is tricky — too little means a risk of stroke, and too much can cause fatal bleeding.
The right amount varies by 10 times from one person to another, and even certain foods can throw it off. Patients must go to the doctor often for blood tests to monitor the dose.
The Watchman device is a fabric-covered metal cage that plugs the pouch. Doctors pass a hollow tube through a leg vein into the heart’s right atrium, puncture the wall separating it from the left atrium, and implant the device through the tube.
Dr. David Holmes Jr. of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., led a study of it in 707 patients in the United States and Europe.
After an average of 16 months of followup, there were 15 strokes and 17 deaths (from all causes) in the 463 who got the device and 11 strokes and 15 deaths in the 244 treated with warfarin, Holmes said.
The balance tipped in favour of the device. Just over 3 per cent of Watchman patients suffered the main problems doctors were measuring in the trial (a composite of strokes, heart-related deaths and certain blood clots) versus 5 per cent of those treated with warfarin.
About 90 per cent of device patients were able to go off warfarin. However, complications were twice as common — 8 per cent in the device group and 4 per cent on warfarin.
Five strokes were triggered by implanting the device, and about 5 per cent of device patients developed serious fluid buildup around the heart. Doctors were unable to implant the Watchman in 41 people assigned to get it.
These problems declined as the study went on, Holmes said.
Any new technology has “a learning curve” that improves with experience, said Dr. Ralph Brindis, a heart specialist at the California-based Kaiser Permanente health plan and spokesman for the college of cardiology.