“I must level with the British public: many more families are going to lose their loved ones before their time.”
British Prime Minister Boris Johnson
“Just stay calm. It will go away.”
American President Donald Trump
The contrast between the two major populist leaders of the English-speaking world could not have been greater.
Donald Trump, who spent two months dismissing the COVID-19 virus as a “hoax” cooked up by his opponents to crash the market and scupper his re-election chances, finally did an about-face on Friday and declared a national emergency.
But on Sunday, he was still fantasizing that “we have tremendous control” over the virus.
Boris Johnson, on the other hand, assumed a grave manner as he delivered the bad news. It’s serious, many people will die, but we do have a plan. The problem is that the plan may kill a great many Britons for nothing if he is wrong – which most experts think he is.
“When I heard about Britain’s ‘herd immunity’ coronavirus plan, I thought it was satire,” epidemiologist William Hanage of Harvard University told the Guardian on Sunday.
But it is deadly serious. Johnson, unlike Trump, listens to scientists, but the ones he listens to most, chief scientific adviser Patrick Vallance and chief medical adviser Chris Whitty, have a plan that most other experts think is crazy.
Herd immunity occurs when a large majority of the community has acquired immunity to a disease. That breaks the chain of transmission for the virus in question, and even those without immunity are fairly safe so long as their numbers stay low. So this is Boris’s cunning plan.
Let the coronavirus spread until around 60 per cent of the population has acquired and survived it. Then, the dreaded second wave of the epidemic will not happen, because herd immunity will protect everybody. Alas, there are a few flaws in this plan.
Sixty per cent of the British population is about 40 million people. Only 0.2 per cent of adults under 40 who contract COVID-19 die from it (and those under 10 don’t get sick at all).
The death rate goes up steeply for older age groups, but even for those in their 60s, it’s only 3.6 per cent.
So for all the under-70, it’s only – hang on a minute – that’s 445,000 deaths. More than British military deaths in the Second World War.
That’s assuming that Britain’s National Health Service can give intensive care to all the severe cases of COVID-19. If the U.K. follows the pattern in China, around one in five coronavirus patients will need intensive care to recover. One in five of 40 million people is eight million.
The number of beds in intensive care units in British hospitals is 4,300. Maybe the National Health Service can improvise 10,000 more, but it still wouldn’t go far if up to eight million severely ill patients need ICU beds this year, each for weeks at a time.
Many more than 445,000 would die. The whole scheme is lunacy – and we still haven’t got to the plan for the over-70s.
The death rate from COVID-19 for people in their 70s is eight per cent. For 80 and over, it’s at least 15 per cent. So while everybody under 70 takes their chances with the virus, all those over 70 must self-isolate for four months.
Those who venture out can be fined up to the equivalent of US$1,230, or even be jailed.
Moreover, there may be unknown after-effects of having COVID-19, like getting shingles decades after you had chickenpox.
There are reports of lung damage in many survivors. Re-infection may be possible: infected people have tested positive again after being discharged negative.
Now, it’s possible that Johnson’s advisers are right and everybody else is wrong. Maybe there is a devastating second wave coming next winter, and this bizarre plan is the only way to stop it.
But we don’t even know if COVID-19 will have a second wave. There wasn’t with SARS, a similar coronavirus.
As Hanage said, “vulnerable people should not be exposed to a virus right now in the service of a hypothetical future.”
Elsewhere, there’s a dramatic fall in the number of new infections in Asian countries that started testing, contact tracing and social distancing early on.
China has had 81,000 cases, but on Monday, reported only seven new cases. No official will say this aloud, but Britain is deliberately neglecting all that and letting the infections rip.
Testing, contact tracing and social distancing may turn out to be ineffective: infections may pick up again in other countries when the rules are finally relaxed. (Two hundred and 80 million Chinese went back to work on Monday after two months of lockdown).
But that strategy is certainly worth a try, whereas Johnson, in the words of Richard Horton, editor-in-chief of leading British medical journal The Lancet, is “playing roulette with the public.”
Why is he doing it? Perhaps it’s just arrogance: Britain knows best, and should always steer its own course. But he probably just prefers a policy that does not cripple the economy, and doesn’t understand the implications.
So not all that much difference between the mini-Trump and the real thing after all. And the herd immunity nonsense probably won’t last long once the British public realizes what Johnson’s government is actually planning.
Gwynne Dyer’s new book is Growing Pains: The Future of Democracy (and Work).